# References

References are organized by category. The original bibliographic verification pass was applied on 2026-07-02. The October revision adds identified engineering reports and research, and corrects the NSPE revision date against its official page. This is not an exhaustive currency review of every source. Symbolic keys (`[Key]`) are citation targets for `[CITE:Key]` markers. A citation supports the associated bounded claim, not every inference drawn in this thesis.

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## Legislation and Regulatory Standards

[EGP_Act] Province of Alberta, *Engineering and Geoscience Professions Act*, RSA 2000, c. E-11. [Online]. Available: https://www.qp.alberta.ca/

[EGP_Reg] Province of Alberta, *General Regulation under the Engineering and Geoscience Professions Act*, Alberta Regulation 259/1999 (as amended). [Online]. Available: https://www.qp.alberta.ca/

[APEGA_RWO2021] Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta (APEGA), "Relying on the Work of Others and Outsourcing," Professional Practice Standard, v4.0, May 2021 (enforceable May 2022). [Online]. Available: https://www.apega.ca/

[APEGA_Auth] Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta (APEGA), "Authenticating Professional Work Products," Professional Practice Standard, v8.6, Nov. 1, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.apega.ca/docs/default-source/pdfs/standards-guidelines/authenticating-professional-work-products.pdf

[APEGA_PPMP] Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta (APEGA), "Professional Practice Management Plan," Professional Practice Standard, v1.1, Nov. 2022 (in effect May 1, 2022; enforcement from May 1, 2023; supersedes the *Guideline for Professional Practice Management Plans*, v1.4, Feb. 2013). [Online]. Available: https://www.apega.ca/docs/default-source/pdfs/standards-guidelines/ppmp-professional-practice-management-plan.pdf

[APEGA_AI2026] Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta (APEGA), "Guidance for Registrants Regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools," Edmonton, AB: APEGA, first published Jul. 2025, updated Mar. 23, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.apega.ca/news/2026/03/23/guidance-for-registrants-regarding-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-tools

[EngCan_AI2026] Engineers Canada, "Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science," National Position Statement, Ottawa, ON: Engineers Canada, Mar. 2026. [Online]. Available: https://engineerscanada.ca/public-policy/national-position-statements

[EngCan_Ethics2024] Engineers Canada (Canadian Engineering Qualifications Board), "Guideline on the Code of Ethics," Ottawa, ON: Engineers Canada, Jul. 2024. [Online]. Available: https://engineerscanada.ca/guidelines-and-papers/public-guideline-on-the-code-of-ethics

[EGBC2024] Engineers and Geoscientists British Columbia (EGBC), "Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Professional Practice," Practice Advisory, Burnaby, BC: EGBC, Nov. 22, 2024.

[NSPE_AI] National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE), "Artificial Intelligence," Position Statement No. 03-1774, Alexandria, VA: NSPE, adopted Sep. 2023, latest revision Feb. 2026 (official page checked 2026-10-10). [Online]. Available: https://www.nspe.org/nspe-advocacy/explore-issues/professional-policies-and-position-statements/artificial-intelligence

[NIST_AI_RMF2023] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), "Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)," NIST AI 100-1, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Jan. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.100-1

[EU_AIAct2024] European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act)," Official Journal of the European Union, L Series, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/

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## AI Agent Architectures and Multi-Agent Systems

[Yao2023] S. Yao, J. Zhao, D. Yu, N. Du, I. Shafran, K. Narasimhan, and Y. Cao, "ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models," in *Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Learning Representations (ICLR)*, Kigali, Rwanda, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03629

[Park2023] J. S. Park, J. C. O'Brien, C. J. Cai, M. R. Morris, P. Liang, and M. S. Bernstein, "Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior," in *Proc. 36th ACM Symp. User Interface Software and Technology (UIST)*, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2023, pp. 1–22. doi: 10.1145/3586183.3606763

[Schick2023] T. Schick, J. Dwivedi-Yu, R. Dessì, R. Raileanu, M. Lomeli, L. Zettlemoyer, N. Cancedda, and T. Scialom, "Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools," in *Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)*, vol. 36, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04761

[Wu2023] Q. Wu, G. Bansal, J. Zhang, Y. Wu, B. Li, E. Zhu, L. Jiang, X. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Liu, A. H. Awadallah, R. W. White, D. Burger, and C. Wang, "AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversation," in *Proc. First Conf. on Language Modeling (COLM 2024)*, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.08155

[Bai2022] Y. Bai, S. Jones, K. Ndousse, A. Askell, A. Chen, N. DasSarma, D. Drain, S. Fort, D. Ganguli, T. Henighan, et al., "Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback," *arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.08073*, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.08073

[Ishibashi2024] Y. Ishibashi and Y. Nishimura, "Self-Organized Agents: A LLM Multi-Agent Framework toward Ultra Large-Scale Code Generation and Optimization," *arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.02183*, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.02183

[HuangJT2024] J. Huang, J. Zhou, T. Jin, X. Zhou, Z. Chen, W. Wang, Y. Yuan, M. R. Lyu, and M. Sap, "On the Resilience of LLM-Based Multi-Agent Collaboration with Faulty Agents," *arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.00989*, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00989

[Xu2025] Q. Xu, X. Wen, C. Xu, Z. Li, and J. Zhong, "From Craft to Constitution: A Governance-First Paradigm for Principled Agent Engineering," *arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.13857*, Oct. 2025. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13857

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## Agent Engineering and Evaluation, 2026

[OpenAI2026Prompts] E. Provencher, "Rethinking skills and prompts for GPT-6 Astra," OpenAI Developers, Sep. 11, 2026. https://developers.openai.com/blog/rethinking-skills-and-prompts-for-gpt-6-astra. Engineering guidance, not a controlled evaluation of Chirality.

[Anthropic2026Managed] Anthropic, "Scaling Managed Agents: Decoupling the brain from the hands," Apr. 8, 2026. https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/managed-agents. Engineering report describing model-dependent harness assumptions and infrastructure boundaries.

[Kim2026Scaling] Y. Kim et al., "Towards a Science of Scaling Agent Systems," arXiv:2512.08296v3, Apr. 8, 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08296v3. Controlled benchmark comparisons of 260 configurations across six benchmarks; not evidence for a universal orchestration topology or Chirality's productivity.

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## LLM Reliability and Hallucination

[Ji2023] Z. Ji, N. Lee, R. Frieske, T. Yu, D. Su, Y. Xu, E. Ishii, Y. J. Bang, A. Madotto, and P. Fung, "Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation," *ACM Computing Surveys*, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 1–38, Mar. 2023. doi: 10.1145/3571730

[Huang2023] L. Huang, W. Yu, W. Ma, W. Zhong, Z. Feng, H. Wang, Q. Chen, W. Peng, X. Feng, B. Qin, and T. Liu, "A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions," *ACM Transactions on Information Systems*, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 1–55, 2025. doi: 10.1145/3703155. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.05232

[Ouyang2022] L. Ouyang, J. Wu, X. Jiang, D. Almeida, C. Wainwright, P. Mishkin, C. Zhang, S. Agarwal, K. Slama, A. Ray, J. Schulman, J. Hilton, F. Kelton, L. Miller, M. Simens, A. Askell, P. Welinder, P. Christiano, J. Leike, and R. Lowe, "Training Language Models to Follow Instructions with Human Feedback," in *Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)*, vol. 35, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155

[Lewis2020] P. Lewis, E. Perez, A. Piktus, F. Petroni, V. Karpukhin, N. Goyal, H. Küttler, M. Lewis, W.-T. Yih, T. Rocktäschel, S. Riedel, and D. Kiela, "Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks," in *Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)*, vol. 33, Virtual, 2020, pp. 9459–9474. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.11401

[Min2023] S. Min, K. Krishna, X. Lyu, M. Lewis, W.-T. Yih, P. W. Koh, M. Iyyer, L. Zettlemoyer, and H. Hajishirzi, "FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generation," in *Proc. 2023 Conf. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)*, Singapore, 2023, pp. 12076–12100. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14251

[Natangelo2025] S. Natangelo, "Externalising Epistemic Governance for Stateless Large Language Models: The CUL/TCL Architecture," Zenodo preprint, Dec. 16, 2025. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17953956

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## Systems Engineering

[INCOSE2023] International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), *Systems Engineering Handbook: A Guide for System Life Cycle Processes and Activities*, 5th ed., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2023. ISBN: 978-1-119-85269-5.

[Blanchard_Fabrycky] B. S. Blanchard and W. J. Fabrycky, *Systems Engineering and Analysis*, 5th ed., Prentice Hall (Pearson), Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2010. ISBN: 978-0-13-221735-4.

[Kossiakoff] A. Kossiakoff, S. J. Seymour, D. A. Flanigan, and S. M. Biemer, *Systems Engineering: Principles and Practice*, 3rd ed., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2020. ISBN: 978-1-119-51666-8. doi: 10.1002/9781119516699

[SE_textbook] General systems engineering principles cited without a section-specific source resolve to [Blanchard_Fabrycky] and [Kossiakoff].

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## Formal Methods and Safety-Critical Systems

[Leveson2011] N. G. Leveson, *Engineering a Safer World: Systems Thinking Applied to Safety*, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-262-01662-9.

[DO178C2011] RTCA, Inc., "DO-178C: Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification," RTCA DO-178C, Washington, DC, USA, Dec. 2011. [Also published as EUROCAE ED-12C.]

[IEC61508] International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), "IEC 61508: Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-Related Systems," Parts 1–7, 2nd ed. Geneva: IEC, 2010.

[Rushby1999] J. Rushby, "Partitioning in Avionics Architectures: Requirements, Mechanisms, and Assurance," NASA Contractor Report NASA/CR-1999-209347 (also issued as FAA report DOT/FAA/AR-99/58), SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA, Jun. 1999. [Online]. Available: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19990052867/downloads/19990052867.pdf

[Smith1985] B. C. Smith, "The Limits of Correctness," *ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society*, vol. 14–15, no. 1–4, pp. 18–26, Jan. 1985. doi: 10.1145/379486.379512. (Also issued as "Limits of Correctness in Computers," Tech. Rep. CSLI-85-36, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford, CA, USA, 1985; prepared for the Symposium on Unintentional Nuclear War, IPPNW Fifth Congress, Budapest, Jun.–Jul. 1985. Reprinted in *Program Verification: Fundamental Issues in Computer Science*, T. R. Colburn, J. H. Fetzer, and T. L. Rankin, Eds., Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1993, pp. 275–293.)

[MacKenzie2001] D. MacKenzie, *Mechanizing Proof: Computing, Risk, and Trust*, Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2001. ISBN: 978-0-262-13393-7.

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## Epistemic Frameworks and Knowledge Engineering

[W3C_PROV2013] W3C, "PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model," W3C Recommendation, Apr. 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/

[Sowa2000] J. F. Sowa, *Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, and Computational Foundations*, Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, 2000. ISBN: 978-0-534-94965-5.

[Wand_Weber_ontology] Y. Wand and R. Weber, "An Ontological Model of an Information System," *IEEE Trans. Software Eng.*, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1282–1292, Nov. 1990. doi: 10.1109/32.60316

[Bunge_ontology] M. Bunge, *Treatise on Basic Philosophy, Vol. 3: Ontology I — The Furniture of the World*, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1977. (As applied to information systems by Wand and Weber [Wand_Weber_ontology].)

[Toulmin1958] S. E. Toulmin, *The Uses of Argument*, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1958. (Updated ed. 2003, ISBN: 978-0-521-53483-3.)

[Naur1985] P. Naur, "Programming as Theory Building," *Microprocessing and Microprogramming*, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 253–261, May 1985. doi: 10.1016/0165-6074(85)90032-8. (Reprinted in P. Naur, *Computing: A Human Activity*, New York, NY, USA: ACM Press/Addison-Wesley, 1992, pp. 37–49.)

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## Philosophy of Knowledge (Chirality of Knowledge Precedents)

[Bohr1958] N. Bohr, *Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge*, New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1958. (Collected essays from 1934–1958 extending complementarity to epistemology, psychology, and biology. The Como Lecture of 1927 appears in the earlier volume *Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1934.)

[Plotnitsky1994] A. Plotnitsky, *Complementarity: Anti-Epistemology after Bohr and Derrida*, Durham, NC, USA: Duke University Press, 1994. ISBN: 978-0-8223-1437-0.

[Polanyi1958] M. Polanyi, *Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy*, Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press, 1958. (Repr. 2015, ISBN: 978-0-226-23262-1.)

[Polanyi1966] M. Polanyi, *The Tacit Dimension*, Garden City, NY, USA: Doubleday, 1966. (Repr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009, ISBN: 978-0-226-67298-4.)

[Polanyi1975] M. Polanyi and H. Prosch, *Meaning*, Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press, 1975. ISBN: 978-0-226-67294-6.

[Collins2010] H. Collins, *Tacit and Explicit Knowledge*, Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press, 2010. ISBN: 978-0-226-11380-7.

[Smith1996] B. C. Smith, *On the Origin of Objects*, Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press (A Bradford Book), 1996. ISBN: 978-0-262-19363-4.

[Smith2019] B. C. Smith, *The Promise of Artificial Intelligence: Reckoning and Judgment*, Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2019. ISBN: 978-0-262-04304-5.

[Sellars1956] W. Sellars, "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind," in *Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science*, vol. 1, H. Feigl and M. Scriven, Eds., Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 1956, pp. 253–329.

[Brandom1994] R. B. Brandom, *Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing, and Discursive Commitment*, Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press, 1994. ISBN: 978-0-674-54319-5.

[Nonaka1995] I. Nonaka and H. Takeuchi, *The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation*, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN: 978-0-195-09269-1.

[McDowell1994] J. McDowell, *Mind and World*, Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press, 1994. (2nd ed. with new introduction, 1996. ISBN: 978-0-674-57610-5.)

[Nishida1945] K. Nishida, "The Logic of the Place of Nothingness and the Religious Worldview" (1945), in *Last Writings: Nothingness and the Religious Worldview*, D. A. Dilworth, Trans., Honolulu, HI, USA: University of Hawaii Press, 1987. (Nishida's concept of "absolutely contradictory self-identity" was formulated in a 1939 essay of that name and developed through his final 1945 essay.)

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## Physical Sources for the Bounded Appendix Analogy

[IUPAC_Chirality] International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
"Chirality," *Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the Gold Book)*, 5th ed.,
online version 5.0.0, 2025. doi: 10.1351/goldbook.C01058

[Stickler2021] B. A. Stickler, M. Diekmann, R. Berger, and D. Wang,
"Enantiomer Superpositions from Matter-Wave Interference of Chiral
Molecules," *Physical Review X*, vol. 11, no. 3, 031056, 2021.
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevX.11.031056. (Theoretical proposal and calculations; not
an experimental demonstration.)

[Trost_Hornberger2009] J. Trost and K. Hornberger, "Hund's Paradox and the
Collisional Stabilization of Chiral Molecules," *Physical Review Letters*,
vol. 103, no. 2, 023202, 2009. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.023202.
(Theoretical decoherence analysis under stated molecular and environmental
assumptions; not an experimental demonstration.)

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## Chirality Project Documents (Internal)

These sources document the case. Historical instruments establish what an earlier implementation prescribed; they create no present duties. Unless a specific revision is supplied, retired Root governance paths are recoverable through `archive/pre-docs-cleanup-1` or the earlier commit recorded in Git. The pre-revision thesis is available at `510f4a9abccc0ac291872c72253eb2aef908c8c5`. Current authority is the conversation, repository instructions and adopted product commitments, not a bibliography entry. Paths are repository-relative. The three current-source entries below use the common implementation basis `a602024416ace9652f61bb2043889c307fd4e09d`; their eight named files were checked and are byte-identical to those at the earlier cited basis `510f4a9abccc0ac291872c72253eb2aef908c8c5`. This concordance correction does not report new implementation testing.

[Chirality_DIRECTIVE] Chirality Project, "docs/DIRECTIVE.md — Founding Intent, Design Philosophy, and Four-Pillar Framework," Internal Document, Chirality Repository, 2024–2026.

[Chirality_FRAMEWORK] Chirality Project, "docs/thesis/CHIRALITY_FRAMEWORK.md —
The Chirality Framework," Internal Document, Chirality Repository, maintained explanatory revision, Oct. 2026 (Revision 3 candidate is preserved in the pre-revision Git basis; relocated from Root in Aug. 2026).

[Chirality_SPEC] Chirality Project, "docs/SPEC.md — Physical Structures, Schemas, and Folder Layouts," Internal Document, Chirality Repository, 2024–2026.

[Chirality_TYPES] Chirality Project, "docs/TYPES.md — Domain Vocabulary, Stable Identifiers, and Enumerations," Internal Document, Chirality Repository, 2024–2026.

[Chirality_CONTRACT] Chirality Project, "docs/CONTRACT.md — K-* Invariant Catalog," Internal Document, Chirality Repository, 2024–2026.

[Chirality_DBM] Chirality Project, "docs/DBM_Agent_Instruction_Architecture.md — Design Basis Memorandum: Agent Instruction Architecture," Internal Document, Chirality Repository, 2024–2026.

[Chirality_SE] Chirality Project, "docs/thesis/SE_Design_Analysis.md — Systems Engineering Design Analysis," Internal Document, Chirality Repository, 2024–2026 (relocated from `docs/`, 2026-08-02).

[Chirality_PE] Chirality AI Ltd., "Professional Engineering with Agentic AI in Regulated Practice," Professional Practice Standard, maintained in the firm's quality management system, 2026 (formerly `PROFESSIONAL_ENGINEERING.md` at the repository root; pre-relocation text in git history).

[Chirality_R1R9] Chirality Project, "docs/WORKFLOW_COMPONENT_STANDARD.md — Workflow-Component Standard," Internal Document, Chirality Repository, 2024–2026.

[Chirality_I1I10] Chirality Project, "docs/DECOMPOSITION_STANDARD.md — Decomposition Protocol Standard (I1–I10)," Internal Document, Chirality Repository, 2024–2026.


[Chirality_CURRENT] Chirality Project, "AGENTS.md," "tools/deliverables/README.md," and "workflows/coordinated-knowledge-work/WORKFLOW.md," repository operating sources observed at `a602024416ace9652f61bb2043889c307fd4e09d`, Oct. 10, 2026. These establish prescribed behaviour at that basis, not universal effectiveness.

[Chirality_RESET] Chirality Project, efficiency reset and subsequent owner-authorized changes, PRs [1211](https://github.com/sgttomas/chirality/pull/1211), [1212](https://github.com/sgttomas/chirality/pull/1212), [1213](https://github.com/sgttomas/chirality/pull/1213), [1214](https://github.com/sgttomas/chirality/pull/1214), [1216](https://github.com/sgttomas/chirality/pull/1216), [1223](https://github.com/sgttomas/chirality/pull/1223), and [1224](https://github.com/sgttomas/chirality/pull/1224), Oct. 2026. Later owner decisions qualify the initial plan; the final implementations are the evidence for what changed.

[Chirality_APPV4] Chirality Project, "projects/chirality-app-v4/docs/PRD.md," "ARCHITECTURE.md," and "HOST_INTEGRATION.md," observed at `a602024416ace9652f61bb2043889c307fd4e09d`. Product commitments and design; delivery must be established separately.

[Chirality_SWBPIPE] Chirality Project, "projects/chirality-piping/docs/PRD.md" and "docs/architecture/adr/ADR-0001_operation_seam_engine_unification.md," observed at `a602024416ace9652f61bb2043889c307fd4e09d`. Domain requirements and an identified historical implementation decision; no claim of professional acceptance is inferred.